Concept and types of emissions

Due to the fact that central banks - are the main organs of the monetary authorities and the implementation of monetary policy, focusing on their activities to ensure stability of the national monetary unit [20. 73]. Therefore, a national bank in any country has a set of functions that allow you to achieve this goal. Traditionally, the central bank put five main objectives, namely to be: - emission center of the country, ie enjoy the sole right to issue banknotes - the Bank of banks, ie perform operations with no commercial and industrial clientele, mainly from banks and the country: to keep cash reserves, the amount of which shall be established by law, to grant them loans (lender of last resort), to perform surveillance, maintaining the necessary level of standardization and professionalism in the national credit system - Banker government, for that he should support state economic programs and to place government securities, loans and grant to carry out payment transactions for the government to keep the official foreign exchange reserves - the main computational center of the country, mediating between the other banks in the country for non-cash payments, based on standings mutual claims and liabilities (clearing) - Authority for regulating the economy by monetary methods [3. 381]. Issue of banknotes - the oldest and one of the most important functions of the central bank. With the development of capitalism, it has changed: if in the early stages of the credit system, commercial banks, together with the central issue of banknotes carried out, the process of centralization of bank note issue in a number of major commercial banks and the transformation of these banks, central banks monopoly on note issue was fixed at one bank - central [8, p.55]. The problem issue - to repay government spending and increase the money supply for the economy. The difference between the nominal value of issued paper money and spending issue (on special paper costs, printing costs) form the seigniorage (seigniorage), which represents a share premium of the State Category: METHODOLOGICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MONEY EMIS | Tags: types of emissions