Business requires hard decisions from the authorities

For the Russian Union of Industrialists and Entrepreneurs of the past week was the Russian Business Week - a unique show of force, which began a series of thematic conferences, culminating in the Congress of Entrepreneurs and the meeting bureau alliance with Prime Minister Vladimir Putin in a political desert. At all these events from business lobbies strenuously formulate what they want from the state. Time for "guessing desires" is very accurate, since all the experts agree that Russia has started the pre-election marathon. Not for nothing, opening one of the conference, the president of RSPP, Alexander Shokhin noted that the ideas put forward today by the business community, are important because political parties are beginning to create their own programs to the next elections, work on reforming the "Stretegii-2020" continues, and the agenda for the next president is formed. But another feature of the "political situation" is that anything "breakthrough" in these programs are put seem to not work. The business and expert community simply scared opening prospects. Before the crisis, it was possible to talk about how we would develop even faster. But now it became clear that lulled the oil revenues the country's economy managed to "run" severe illnesses and accumulate problems that require urgent and difficult decisions. If they are not taken, the economy, and after her country's political system faces a new, not financial, but a system - a crisis. Without difficulty. About the inevitability of impending crisis can be judged by the scandal, arranged on one of the Conference of Presidents of the Federation of Independent Trade Unions of Russia Mikhail Shmakov. "I am speaking on behalf of the lower classes, or plebes," - began his speech by the leader of FNPR. Next Michael Shmakov hit new draft Labour Code, developed under the auspices of the RSPP today, calling it the developers' new Raskolnikov "- in the sense that businessmen in Russia are" entitled "and the workers -" a loathsome creature. " Proposing to restore the scientific term "exploiters," the head of the FNPR launched into a conspiracy of prediction, according to him, as after the abolition of Article 6 of the Soviet Constitution of the Communist Party leadership was a "revolution" and the collapse of the Soviet Union, now they need to wait for the abolition of the Article 7 of the Constitution of the social state, after which there will be another "revolution" and the disintegration of Russia. A particular concern is the Russian trade unions migration policy: if the courts have declared extremist movement "against illegal immigration", it turns out that the Federal Migration Service - for illegal immigration? The scandal has turned out well. President of the RSPP, Alexander Shokhin called Shmakova demagogue and hinted at a spring aggravation, which is not like the moderator of the conference, Rector, New Economic School Sergei Guriev, who called the remark Shokhin "totally unacceptable". Nevertheless, we must acknowledge that the scope of labor relations in Russia is seriously ill, and all it is obvious that without sharp changes in it can not do. The challenges now facing the economy at work, at the conference listed the rector of the Higher School of Economics Yaroslav Kuzminov. Total of numbered four: low productivity, "informal sector", which reaches 35% of the labor market, migration and "corrupting" entire sectors of the economy, and finally, the unprecedented "universal higher education", leaving the country without the workers and engineers. Here there is a source of social tension, as those who are going to finish college, there will be no jobs. "Workplaces office plankton exhausted" - says Yaroslav Kuzminov. Meanwhile, employers pay a high physical work do not want. However, it is not just about money. "The graduates prefer to place the office of the plankton, even if they are paid 1.5 times worse", - stated Yaroslav Kuzminov. Lack of technical expertise and hinders the development of innovative industries. Elena Nikolaeva, chairman of the Public Chamber Commission on Social and Demographic Policy, led a great example: when in St. Petersburg, one innovative company needed a miller 6th level, the whole town could find only one right man at the age of 72 years. "Who do we modernize the economy - is completely incomprehensible," - summarized Elena Nikolaeva. And if more universities are good people! According to Elena Nikolaeva, the quality of higher education can be judged from the fact that only 26% of graduates work in their specialty. As President IBS Group Holding Anatoly Karachinsky, "the educational system developed by poking a finger into the sky." A further exacerbates the problem of severe demographic situation. "We go crazy in a demographic hole - Anatoly Karachinsky warned. - In areas where we are going to dominate the work force has been exhausted. " Money for modernization. Acute shortage of labor, according to Yaroslav Kuzminov, "opens the door to labor migration." Since this estimate is actually agreed to the director of the Federal Migration Service Konstantin Romodanovsky, who acknowledged that the reserves increased economic activity have been exhausted. However, said Yaroslav Kuzminov, you can not rely on migration from the perspective of cultural production. According to the head of the FMS, go to the civilized labor relations and get rid of the "migration" function can only be at the cost of technological revolutions. But for these jerks just do not have the economy gathered speed. As stated by the speaker at the Congress of the RSPP, Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin, the current economic growth - 3% - is stagnating, but even if we had reached the level of 4.5% per year, it still would not be able to modernize, because the company did not have time to update the fixed assets. According to Finance Minister, modernization does not begin until economic growth will not exceed the level of 7%. In addition, the rate of inflation should be below 3%, otherwise the interest rates banks will not be available for businesses. In the banking business of the Week section, it was possible to find out what lenders can not fund the modernization of enterprises, because, said executive vice president of RSPP and Chairman of the Association of Regional Banks "Russia" Alexander Murychev, over the years does not solve the problem of access to banks' long-term financial resources. Meanwhile, the "long money" vital to the economy, precisely because in front of the enterprises still face the task of renovation of fixed assets, depreciation which in some industries more than 50%. "Capital of Russian banks is not sufficient to address critical economic issues, including the updating of fixed assets" - confirmed head of the bank "UniCredit" Mikhail Alekseev. The problem of finding sources of cheap and long financial resources is particularly acute because of the fall of the creditworthiness of Russian enterprises. Increased payments to social extrabudgetary funds has dramatically increased the tax burden on business. Thus, according to Alexander Murychev, since increasing tax burden is already closed eight thousand small businesses. On the real sector, according to the president of the Association of Russian Banks (ARB) Garegin Tosunyan, beats and sustained increase in tariffs of natural monopolies and public utilities. In the words of the head of the ARB, in Russia the "uneconomic tariff policy." "Antitrust policy not to exist, so we have a decade prices have increased several times" - outraged Garegin Tosunyan. Continuation of the same growth rate this year, the bank lobbyist described as "madness." True, the state-owned banks have far greater access to resources - if not longer, then, at least, cheaper than private banks. According to Garegin Tosunyan, today 71% of banks' profits have on banks with state participation. "The question now is: is there a general perspective ... [a] private banks in Russia?" - Drew Alexander Murychev problem. 'Yes' or 'no' do not tell. Employers need to reduce the tax burden, aggressive privatization of state companies and banks, creating a more flexible labor laws and a radical restructuring of vocational education. The authorities in these circumstances, despite the strong tone of the statements of both political leaders are beginning to erratic throwing. Do not have time to raise the level of social contributions, as Dmitry Medvedev instructs the government to cancel the increase. "Two years is a solution worked out by experts, half a hard-discussed in the government. We discussed it, debated decision is made, submitted to the Duma, approved, received the President for signature, and expert management are also signs it, finally signed. Six months later - cancel "- wondering at the congress, Alexei Kudrin. Meanwhile, last Monday, Vladimir Putin during his meeting with the same Mikhail Shmakov said that the final decision on insurance payments pending the opinion of trade unions as a member of the Trilateral Commission will be considered. On Thursday, the same at a meeting with the Bureau of Entrepreneurs Vladimir Putin said the government was almost on a daily basis discussing possible ways to reduce the fiscal burden - despite the fact that it is in Russia on average lower than in most developed countries. But after meeting the leaders of the RSPP with the prime minister appeared firm conviction that Vladimir Putin has set himself the task is not to say "no" on any item, but do not promise anything specific. On the request to extend the privatization program head of government said that privatization is the fundamental choice of government, but recalled that during the crisis, businessmen themselves were willing to sell your business to the state. As if in response to the Alexander Shokhin idea to create an official institute business lobbying Prime Minister said that businesses should participate more actively in the discussion of bills. Radical education reforms Putin has promised, but noted that the professional retraining of civil government this year allocated about 2 billion rubles, of which more than 800 million rubles will be companies undertaking modernization. For all the answers and promises can be said that the forthcoming elections have become the basic background of economic decisions. This means that only a miracle could force the government to pursue a coherent economic policy. Or a new crisis.