Organizational competitiveness and economic modeling of integrated production structures

Complex integration structures involve a combination of sustainable production and financial facilities, which are concentrated in a localized area and joined the special industrial and economic ties, which are determined mainly by technological necessity. An important feature is the integration structures: the presence of a coherent system of industrial organization, with specialization, and the limited common area, as well as the possibility of comprehensive utilization of local natural, human and production resources, the unity of the industrial and service infrastructure. Modelling of the functioning and development of complex systems, the justification of administrative decisions involves the application of systems analysis, which includes the following steps: the identification and formulation of the problem, the study of the specific object, as well as its external and internal communications, and analysis of the major structural elements of the problem on a qualitative level, the formation of the purposes of decision problems, the criteria to establish their hierarchical relationships, opportunities and ranking of quantifying, identifying alternative ways of achieving goals, the most important limitations, the collection of baseline information, assessing the completeness and accuracy of the information capacity of its completion and accuracy, building models, quantitative analysis of the basic structural elements; definition associated with the costs and benefits of alternatives, carrying out model calculations, the synthesis of the results of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the introduction of amendments and preparation of expert solutions, if necessary - adjustment models, the initial information, the re-calculations and synthesis of the results. System integration structure analysis suggests a number of compliance requirements: - Given the complexity of the system as a whole and its individual sub-systems: they all consist of a large number of interrelated elements, the number of types of these elements is also quite large. The interaction of the individual subsystems among themselves, that they have their own interests, goals and evaluation criteria, the economic mechanism and etc. cause the appearance of the system (synergistic) effects. In the analysis of complex multi-tier accounting synergy is very important because in these systems focus on the benefits of local subsystems can lead to decisions that are not beneficial to the whole system. The presence of such effects leads to the fact that the effect on the overall system may not coincide with the sum of the effects of individual components of its parts, in which directly shows integrity property (emergence) of complex systems. An essential component of the synergistic effects are also the effects of concentration, specialization of production and another - accounting hierarchical (multilevel) structure of the vertical integration of production system. It must be borne in mind the diversity properties of the hierarchy, its manifestation in various aspects, especially in the time, branch and territorial - the properties of control elements of the production system at all levels of hierarchy, control orientation to choose how best to achieve these goals. This is accomplished through the simultaneous analysis of the system dekriptivnogo and regulatory aspects of the production system of choice included in the program development activities that provide movement for what follows naivygod-trajectory of the transition from what is, to what should be - the need for a comprehensive study of comprehensive consequences of decisions of an economic nature. The consequences caused by the decisions should be analyzed not only in interacting subsystems, but also of consumers, as well as in all relevant areas: social, environmental, political, etc. - a dual approach to the study of vertical integration of production system. It is understood as a relatively isolated complex dynamic system, evolving on the inherent laws of such systems, as well as an integral part of the economy, subordinate in its functioning and development requirements of interacting with this production system, other sectors of the economy. From the principle of duality implies the existence of internal and external aspects of the functioning and development of integration structures and two interconnected systems of basic concepts and their performance - the use of models as an internal (when directly studied and modeled processes specifically occurring in the system determines the dynamic characteristics of these processes), and external systems description (when in accordance with the cybernetics approach they appear as a "black box" and study the cause-effect regression of the type "input-output"). Modeling involves the integration structures optimize their development and distribution. As an integration structure can be considered a set of enterprises of different branches are concentrated in one or more paragraphs, sharing joint production infrastructure, environmental, labor and other resources to deepen and expand the industrial and economic ties to the successive stages of development. Optimize the development and deployment of integrated structures involves determining the best use of natural and other resources, their internal and external relationships with the position of the criterion of maximizing net present value (or other criterion) when possible conditions to ensure a given level of production, some economic indicators and other restrictions. Integration of education have a complex business structure. One of the basic natural elements of this system may be the natural resources. Human resources are the main active element of the integration structure. The existing production facilities, consisting of production and transport objects, infrastructure and other reproducible items, is the most dynamic part of the overall structure of such systems. The company is competitive, if there is sufficient opportunity to implement products and services on the open market, in accordance with external and internal constraints of consumers, competitors, production capacity, social conditions, the environment, while receiving a high income to meet the needs of producers and owners . Products are competitive, if appropriate market conditions, customer requirements for their quality, technical, economic, aesthetic characteristics and on commercial terms of its implementation, such as price, delivery, distribution channels, service, advertising, and the level of consumer expenditures for the period of its of operation. In the combined utility of competitive products on the unit cost is higher than the rest, and thus the value of any of the criteria is not acceptable to the consumer. A necessary condition is compliance with regulatory parameters set by international and domestic standards, applicable laws, regulations, technical regulations, patent documentation. Modelling the competitiveness involves the selection of a basis for comparison: the best of the products of competitors, improved under development, or an abstract of a certain standard (for products that have no analogue). Be sure to highlight the most important criteria for the consumer: consumer - quality product characteristics (performance, size, environmental security, reliability, etc.) and economic - the price, the cost of transportation, installation and commissioning. In addition, for each group of criteria for ranking the indicators produced by the degree of importance. In the simulation and evaluation of competitive distance method can be used, which involves removing the definition of the coordinates of the investigated product from the reference in the multiobjective space corresponding to the most important characteristics for consumer goods. Ranking of goods in order of importance, possibly through the use of the analytic hierarchy process, which enables the visual decomposition of complex problems. The idea of ​​a very general look at the problem of an upper level of the hierarchy or focus. Gradually coming down to the following levels of hierarchy, from top to bottom, made all the more detailed consideration of the problem, sequential decomposition of complex problems into smaller parts, which will result in a detailed description of the structure of the problem. Complex issue in this case is converted to a relatively simple, clear, visual model, as in the models is the formalization and visualization of a complex process. The hierarchical model - it is a certain type of system, based on the assumption that the elements of the system can be grouped into disjoint sets. In this model, elements of each group are influenced by elements of other groups and, in turn, affect the elements of the next group. It is believed that the elements in each group hierarchy (called level cluster, strata) are independent. The method involves analysis of the original problem situation, identifying, setting and study the original problem, a preliminary statement of goals, identification of problem-targeted area, the selection and formulation of key issues, corrective action goals, identifying alternative solutions to the problem, develop a set of criteria for ranking purposes, and alternative solutions ; build a hierarchical model objectives, criteria and alternatives to administrative decisions underlying problem. In forming the hierarchy of goals is the problem of decomposition of decision-making with the release of the main goals, subgoals and solutions of various alternatives for achieving those goals. Next, by building the matrix of pairwise comparisons for each element of the lower levels and filling them with the help of expert judgments and the scale of the relative importance of comparing alternatives. The elements of one level of hierarchy should be comparable with each other.