Features of Russia's industrial potential

Despite the relatively successful development of various sectors of our economy, the productive potential of Russia is still represented in the main fuel and energy, and defense systems. The share of the Russian Federation accounts for most of the energy resources of the former Soviet Union, including 86% of proven oil reserves, 84% gas and gas condensate, 70% coal. In the all-union production of energy resources Russia's share exceeded at one time 85%. In relation to the level of the former Soviet Union in the Russian Federation, 90% of the extracted oil and gas condensate, natural gas 79%, 56% coal, 63% of the electricity produced. Occupy a prominent position of the fuel and energy complex and the national economy of Russia. They account for more than 40% of capital investments in industry, almost a third of fixed assets, one-fifth of the labor force. The share of the complex for a number of parameters increases. At the same time to the decadent state of the industry are long-term infrastructure and agro-industrial production, engineering, and especially all the social service sector. Intermediate position between these two extremes is occupied by manufacturing industry of construction materials - steel, chemical and cement industries. In quality is far behind a building complex, despite the growth in construction in the pre-crisis years and the slow recovery in the present. Nevertheless, the fundamental problem of economic development of Russia is over all post-communist years of development, economic growth and its leadership areas - industry. Socio-political upheavals, the national-state demarcation, break traditional economic ties, falling living standards and consumer demand, investment crisis has led to an unprecedented downturn in the industry. Indeed, beginning with the 1992 transition from planning new distribution system of economic management to market methods of economic management has caused a very deep structural crisis of Russian industry. Background of this crisis were largely accumulated during the Soviet period: the established to the 90s structure of industrial production did not meet the market system of the economy, and microeconomic environment, represented by industrial enterprises and their managers, staff with management skills inherent in the planning and distribution system could not instantly and painlessly adapt to new economic conditions. A serious recession, which began in 1991, it was inevitable: the volume of industrial output in 1998 was less than half the 1990 level. The incident indicates that, on the one hand, the economy has got rid of the excess production and unnecessary in a market of products (reduction in military spending, failure to implement expensive inefficient investment projects, reducing the production of outdated and low quality products that are not in high demand as the population and industrial). The ensuing economic crisis in 1998 further crippled the Russian industry. There followed a long period of recovery and gradual development. The last economic crisis that began in 2008, again slowed the pace of growth of Russian industry and led to a decline in many of its industries. Note that among the factors contributing to a growth of industrial output, we should note the following: increasing the physical volume of production in the fuel and raw materials industries to increase exports in order to avoid significant loss of volume of foreign exchange earnings (this applies primarily to the oil, petrochemical industry , ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, chemical and petrochemical industry, fishing industry), the relative stabilization and even slow the growth of real disposable income, which resulted in reducing the rate of decline in production in light and food industries, the increase in demand for the products of other industries (eg printing industry) ; activation in a number of productions through the issuance of import of products imported by joint ventures and enterprises operating under the licenses of foreign firms, especially in certain sub-sectors of food industry (production of fruit juices, soft drinks, confectionery) and engineering (production of refrigerators, color TV sets , personal computers), an increase in certain types of products, which caused a technology chain for production growth of others (especially vivid example - increase of passenger cars, has led to increased production of sheet metal, tires, gasoline), increasing the production of alcoholic beverages as a result of measures taken by government regulation Prevention of illegal production and smuggling. However, positive trends in the dynamics of industrial production has not yet created a sufficient prerequisite for its sustainable growth, as not the necessary conditions for sustained expansion of domestic demand for domestic industrial production, which would entail and demand for investment resources. There is no doubt the proposition that the primary role in the recovery process and strengthen the industrial potential of Russia should play an appropriate public policy in this field.