End of commodity economy

Next year should be a turning point in the development of the Russian fuel and energy complex (FEC): large-scale energy projects, such as "North Stream", "South Stream" pipeline "Eastern Siberia - Pacific Ocean", go to the stage of practical implementation . However, the raw politics can suffer a failure, according to Assistant Head of Presidential Administration Ekaterina Popova. "The growth of domestic demand for energy is not accompanied by development of new oil and gas. By the end of the decade may be a shortage of energy - she said. - It is dangerous and what is not being upgraded transport infrastructure and gas complex, the degree of deterioration exceeds 50%. " Another problem is the low depth of oil refining. In Russia, this figure is an average of 71%, while in Western countries, the figures reach 85-95%. "New technologies being developed for the processing of raw materials producers are extremely weak, - said Ekaterina Popova. - No incentive. In Russia, the production run is more expensive than to buy it abroad. " Meanwhile, the implementation of state policy in this direction according to preliminary calculations allow for 5-7 years to increase GDP by 2.5-3 trillion rubles. On the other hand, the current crisis can be used for one of the major issues for the industry - the invention of a fundamentally new sources of electricity to replace oil. However, laments vice president of Chamber of Commerce Sergei Katygin, have not been able to find a form of support for innovative projects in the power of the authorities, although in western countries, the state pays considerable attention to methods of maintaining incentives. For example, in Germany, half the roof is covered with solar panels, and is profitable. "In addition, the Russian power engineering sector reform has not yet yielded the desired results, - says Sergey Katygin. - None of the investment, either in the form of a free market for electricity. Plan to raise funds did not fulfill even half. " The tax burden. Director Institute of Oceanology. PP Shirshov Academy of Sciences, Academician Robert Nigmatulin confident that the matter is in a social situation prevailing in the country. "The main investor in the economy as a whole, and in the energy sector in particular, people should be receiving a balanced salary and regularly paying taxes and not an investor - an uncle who thinks he bought a yacht, or to invest in agriculture," - he said. The imbalance is caused by low average wages. According to the experts, in terms of fuel in the U.S. it is 3000 gallons of gasoline in Russia - 400 liters. U.S. imports half of automotive fuel and pay a $ 600 per ton, or $ 65-70 per barrel. In Russia, by contrast, a ton of gasoline costs up to $ 100. This imbalance will not ever develop the Russian economy, I'm sure academician. "The monthly minimum wage should be 300-400 kg of bread and 1,000 liters of gasoline, - said Robert Nigmatulin. - Gasoline costs about 20 cents per liter, therefore, the minimum monthly salary should be about 20 thousand rubles. In this case the bread should be 4-5 liters of gasoline. " Optimizing taxation in the country can achieve lower cost of gasoline to 10 cents per liter. The expert notes that the production and delivery of oil is 3 rubles per ton, recycling - 6 rubles per ton. Total, including tax, a ton of gasoline is about 11,250 rubles. "That is a liter of gasoline should cost about 10 rubles - sums up Robert Nigmatulin. - The state should not profit from the fuel. Because it is a means of production for other industries. All transport workers complain that fuel prices are killing their business. " The first pancake. The President has put before officials strategic goal - the development of innovative energy. The first step in a ban on incandescent bulbs. "Despite the fact that the law on energy saving, we had passed the first time in 1996, the legal framework necessary to build from scratch, - says head of state regulation of tariffs and infrastructure reforms and Energy Ministry of Economic Development Mikhail Kurbatov. - Thanks to this year, the law on energy efficiency, we have reached the level, which have more developed countries in the year 2000. " The Director-General Philips «Network Solutions" in the CIS Vladimir Gabrielian said the ban on incandescent bulbs right decision. "19% of electricity consumption goes to lighting, so the reform of this sector is one of the ways to improve energy efficiency, - said the expert. - This 33% is spent on providing light accommodation. " Total expenditure on implementation of the goals he set for the president to reduce the energy intensity of GDP in 2020 to 40% in different rating 6.8 trillion rubles, calculated Mikhail Kurbatov. Effect - 1.3-2 trillion per year at current prices. Thus, the term discounted payback period is 5 years. * Based on materials from the International Energy Forum "Innovations. Infrastructure. Security ".