Billionaire without the bank

When in June 2002, President Vladimir Putin said in an address of businessmen that bring capital from Russia, the now famous phrase: "a hard time swallowing the dust, running through the courts and unfreezing their money" - he on the same day met with Sergey Pugachev . Chairman of the Board of Directors of the International Industrial Bank then entered the office of the RSPP, though there is not headed to any of the commissions. According to the media, referring to sources close to the president, Pugachev was mandated to "study the issue" return of capital into Russia. True, the sources do not mention, of whose capital is said Putin. Shortly before the meeting, the French newspaper Le Monde wrote that Sergei Pugachev owns real estate on the Cote d'Azur in the amount of 54 million francs (8.2 million), accounts in banks Monaco and France. It was also argued that these assets have shown interest in professional employees of tax authorities in France, but no complaints about the Pugachev or IIB by the French government ever did so. Sergei Pugachev has always tried to capitalize on the proximity to the authorities, although almost all of which became known episodes led to the loss of certain image to the BCH. Perhaps it was the cause of the collapse of the financial empire of Sergei Pugachev: wrath of regulators, who with his own hands (or rather, credit) throughout the year and a half saved the bank from imminent bankruptcy, proved to be very strong. "Central Bank with such an attitude has never faced - complained to" F. "The Bank of Russia First Deputy Chairman Gennady Melikyan. - To behave like a bank that level - we have not seen this. This is not some kind of dribs and drabs there. " The scheme could not stand the crisis. Mezhprombank always known in the market as extremely opaque bank serving businesses of its owner. Aware of this and the Central Bank. But make allowances for the value of the business - that is classic too big to fail. "In the mid-2000s, when the selection was carried out in the bank insurance system, Mezhprombank withdrew its application for participation in the insurance system - says in an interview," RIA Novosti ", the first deputy chairman of the Bank of Russia Gennady Melikyan, who participated in the selection of banks in CERs. - But he did it after the Bank of Russia held a meeting with representatives of the bank, in which the leadership committee of banking supervision of Bank of Russia has informed them about their views on the situation in the bank and the existing problems, including a lack of transparency of ownership and reliability of financial statements. On the other hand, we did not assess the situation in the bank as a critical issue that requires strict oversight of sanctions and the more license revocation. Furthermore, according to available information, it has been directly linked to and served the interests of the rather powerful industrial group, which owned major assets in various sectors of the economy. And this created a belief that in the event of any problems the group will have the necessary financial support to the bank. " True, in the main financial support provided the bank itself. As telling the magazine "Forbes" in 2004, the then managing Mezhprombank Natalia Samkova, the bank gave its affiliates the long-term investment credits, and other companies that also were related to the founders of the bank, placed him in deposits - buying certificates of deposit. For the shareholders it was convenient - the necessary tools at hand. "Captive banking model, which assumes lending owners, in this case had some marginal form - says the chairman of the board of the First Republic Bank Lyudmila Lebedeva. - That proportion of the assets, which at BCH was used to finance its own projects in general is beyond good and evil. Naturally, the Russian banking sector is characterized by the fact that many owners of the resources directed to financing their own projects. But if you kredituesh their projects, then kredituesh "in length." And when an unstable situation in the market, these resources quickly return can not. " It happened. The bank managed to hold out extra year and a half only because of the constant extension of unsecured credit to the Central Bank of 41 billion rubles, obtained in 2008. But the regulator, which, according to the chairman of the Central Bank Sergei Ignatyev, believed that the bank will repay the loan at the expense of the beneficiary, patience is over. In June 2010, the bank tried to sell shares in the "Northern Shipyard" (72.2%), the Baltic Shipyard (88%) of the United Shipbuilding Corporation (USC), but the requested price - 89 billion rubles - the potential buyer seemed too high. Bank demanded that the loan guarantee, which was done July 5 through unsold shipbuilding assets. A day later, on July 6, BCH defaulted on its Eurobonds for $ 200 million and 200 million euros. And in September, ended in failure last one n an attempt to save the bank from the loan VTB, on which, according to Sergei Ignatiev, they had hoped. October 5 The Bank of Russia revoked the license of Mezhprombank "in connection with the failure by a credit institution ... federal laws regulating banking activities, as well as the Bank of Russia regulations, fact-finding substantial misreporting of data, failure to meet the demands of creditors on monetary obligations." November 30 Moscow Arbitration Court declared bankrupt BCH. Bankruptcy trustee appointed Bank Deposit Insurance Agency. What remains to creditors. In accordance with the published balance sheet of the Central Bank on November 1, BCH 2010, the bank's assets is 62.2 billion rubles, the liabilities - 93.2 billion rubles, including loan the Bank of Russia by 32.4 billion rubles. However, Deputy General Director of Deposit Insurance Agency Valery Miroshnikov said "F.", that these assets have yet to recover. "From what we see on the balance of liquid assets - about 700 million rubles, - says Miroshnikov. - Plus loans secured 17% stake in DB "dry." Maybe something else. I believe that the liquid assets there is very little, and call a specific number is simply not ready. Usually we know the final size of the holes in the balance sheet when completing bankruptcy proceedings, and to predict it now will neither one analyst. " In October and November, the head of the Central Bank has sent the Prosecutor General Yuri Chaika, the two letters in which he pointed to signs of deliberate bankruptcy Mezhprombank. January 20 the Central Investigation Department of the Investigative Committee in Moscow Russia (TFR) has opened a criminal case under Article 196 of the Criminal Code - "deliberate failure". The article provides for punishment for the accused to imprisonment for a term of six years. But in the defense claim that they do not know anything about it. "None of the employees did not participate in the defense of any legal proceedings. Therefore, no corroborating information about a criminal case we do not have "- said the" F. "representative of the corporation. Currently, the Moscow Arbitration Court is considering three cases of the Central Bank of foreclosure on the collateral. In the defense industry say they have enough to satisfy the claims of all creditors, "Only the property which is pledged to the Bank, with more than enough to cover all obligations," - said the representative of the corporation. But the rapid success did not expect any securities, nor in the ACB. Source of "FA" in the Bank of Russia has called the chances of repayment "very distant" though not "hopeless." And Valery Miroshnikov indicates that without a database to determine the prospects of the process, he can not. "In order to investigate the circumstances of the bankruptcy, we need a complete database. But even if she was in such a large bank can investigate the circumstances of the bankruptcy year and a half at least. So something can be done only in a criminal case - if someone starts talking during interrogation. But it does not matter to us, and to the prosecuting authorities. " Now consider the DIA last transaction of the bank to trace the path of asset stripping. The last letter ACB bank Credit Suisse about the risks of a possible minority stake sale of the Yenisei Industrial Company (EPC) - of this series. According to Miroshnikov, EBC shares were pledged for loans BCH approximately 30 billion rubles, and so DIA can hope to fill these means the bankruptcy estate. But this is not enough. "We will still search, but the deal was made shortly before the revocation of a license, so visible, - the Miroshnikov. - We have several other transactions, such as those associated with DIC offsets, but there are small amounts. " Chance to use to supplement the remaining assets of the estate, Sergei Pugachev, but they are low. "The law says that you can attract vicarious liability is not necessarily a direct shareholder, but the shadow of the owner. If we can prove that he was giving mandatory instructions that led to bankruptcy, then it can attract, "- said Miroshnikov. It is true that confidence in the deputy director general at the DIA not. But market participants believe that the ranking of billionaires Pugacheva removed early. "It seems to me that he, by contrast, had to rise above. Assets brought, liabilities left and became even richer, "- said" F. "one banker.